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The Classification of Magickal action otherwise known as spellcraft.
Within what
is commonly referred to as magick there are a wide range of methods and
practices, which often work according to different principles and
processes, and which are utilised towards different ends. To attain
success in any endeavour you must have a clear conception of what you
are working towards, choose and appropriate methodology, and
subsequently have a good understanding of what you are doing and why you
are doing it.
In order to identify the different categories that magickal practices may fall into we must first answer the broader question|: What is magick? Aleister Crowley defined magick as "the science and art of causing change to occur in conformity with the will", but as he goes on to say "in common parlance the word magic has been used to mean the kind of science which ordinary people do not understand", meaning, of course, the science of things which ordinary thinking says do not belong to the natural order i.e. the 'supernatural'.
In
the majority of cases when someone talks about magick thier meaning
conforms to the common definition which regards it as the science of the
supernatural, but this is not always the case. That which is now
science was once ragarded as magick. There are many examples of
'magickal' practices from ancient cultures which can now be explained in
the terms of such disciplines as psychology, hypnosis, NLP, and even
the science of manipulation exemplified by modern illusionsim. Many of
these practices can stil be found in modern magickal / occult teachings;
and in addition to this it is also true that many magickal techniques
which we would still recognise as involving spiritual or 'supernatural'
forces use the subconcious mind as a medium of connection between human
experience and spiritual reality and therefore contain a psychological
element. Therefore the first category of magickal action / spellcraft
which we must recognise is that of psychological magick.
At this stage it is necessary to state that in undertaking the endeavor
of classification I have used 3 different methods, yeilding 3 distinct
sets of categories. The first method is to distinguish types of magick
according to the principles by which they work. The second set
classifies types of magick according to the proceses and methods by
which they are employed. The third set is distinguished according to the
nature of the end purpose of the action.
In the first set of categories, distinguished according to theory and
principle, I have already identified the category of psycholgical
magick. Also within this set are three further categories: Theurgical
Magick, Sympathetic Magick, and Reflective magick.
Theurgical
Magick is based entirely on the ability of spiritual beings to
influence the material world. In this kind of magick the magus seeks to
cooperate with and / or empoweer certain angels, godforms, demons, or
other spirtual beings, and to aid, direct and control the manifestation
of thier will in the material world.
In his famous book 'The Golden Bough' Sir James Frazer considers
sympathetic magick in some detail, and in agreement with his work I
would suggest that this branch of Magick can be further divided into two
sub-categories whic he calls Homoeopathic magick, working according to
the law of similarity, and contagious magick, working according to the
law of contact.
The law of similarity indentified by Fazer states that a connection
exists between similar things which can be used for magickal purposes.
actually this conception is rather crude, and can be refined according
to modern understanding to give a more accurate formulation. Therefore
within my system of classification the law of similarity shall be
renamed the law of resonance. This law states that there is a resonance
between the morphological processes of similar forms which can be used
to amplify a given tendency or characteristic at a distance. similarity
of substance, purpose etc. are relevant only in so far as they impact
upon form and morphogenesis. The natural principles involved in this
form of magick are explained admirably in the work of biologist Rupert
Sheldrake, and in particular in his work entiled ' Morphic Resonance: A
New Science of Life'.
The classic example of the law of resonance, and indeed of sympatheitc magick in general, is the use of the 'voodoo doll' (which in its popular form actually originates from northern european witchcraft and not the african religion of voodoun).
The classic example of the law of resonance, and indeed of sympatheitc magick in general, is the use of the 'voodoo doll' (which in its popular form actually originates from northern european witchcraft and not the african religion of voodoun).
Contagious magick works according to the principles that when two things
are brought into contact with one another a certain degree of osmosis
occurs, in which each one is infused to some degre with the essence of
the other, and that this creates a bond which is maintained after
contact is broken. The degree of this bond is determined by length of
contact and the degre of emotional as well as physical connection which
occurs betwen the two (presuming that one of them is capable of emotion
and they are not both just innanimate objects). A good example of
Contagious Magick would be the use of a treasured possession by a
psychic in order to trace a missing person or diagnose ilness.
Reflective Magick works according to a principle which is elucidated
most eloquently in the following quote from the physicist Fritjof Capra,
who is here considerring the philosophical ramifications of quantum
physics:
'The fact that all the properties of particles are determined by
prinicples closely related to the methods of observation would mean that
the basic structures of the material world are determined, ultimately,
by the way we look at the world; that the observed patterns of mater are
reflections of paterns of mind.'
This gives rise to the idea of 'direct' or 'instant' magick, in which
the paraphenalia of ritual magick are considered to be props, and are
secondary to the powoer of mind to directly influence material events
through this principle of reflection.
The second set classifes according to method. These categories need less explanation so I shall simply list them:
Invocation, evocation, talismanic magick, magickal pacts, incantation,
direct magick, goetic magick, astral magick, natural magick.
There
is a degree of crossover between these categories (talismanic magick,
for example, may include invocation or evocation), and there may be
others that I have missed. Generally the method is clear within any
practice, so there is less need for me to provide information here.
The third set is the classification according to purpose or end result. Within this set are:
Black Magick: Which is inspired by hatred and is malignant for the sake of it.
Ego Magick: Which may be either helpful, harmful, or
indifferent towards others, but which proceeds according to the personal
desires of the operator and is never either altruistic nor needlessly
malicious.
High Magick:
Which is an extension of the concept of morality itself, seeking to
manifest a particular ideal, simply for the love of that ideal rather
than personal satisfaction.
Trans-formative Magick:
Which concerns itself solely with the growth and transformation of the
operator, and extends no direct influence beyond the participants
themselves.
The classification system given here is fluid, and many magickal
practices will contain elements belonging to more than one category,
even within each set.